INTRODUCTION
Approximately 30-60 seconds after the heroin was injected into a vein, the individual will feel a warm wave spread from the waist down as a sensation of "busy" (rush sensation) that slides into the central nervous system. A sense of calm that envelops himself in a rapidly individuals.
What exactly all this stimuli? From where chemicals asetilmorfin (heroin) is derived, and how these substances work when entered into the blood circulation?
Opium is an extract of the plant of Papaver somniferum (poppy), known for many centuries. There is much on the slopes of the mountains of Colombia, Myanmar, Mexico, Thailand, Laos, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Opium or opiate narcotic properties which means numb, reduces pain, drowsiness and general depressants. Contains more than 20 types of alkaloids active ingredient, one of which is the morphine, which was discovered in the 19th century, taken from the name of the Greek God of dreams (Morpheus). Given the long process of synthesis of opium morphine have been initiated by Paracelsus in the 16th century. Opium is working on your receiver has a similar chemical structure of compounds formed by the body (endorphins).
Make heroin in chemistry
To reduce the petals of poppy is the perfect time for harvest, usually two large bags of harvest annually. Harvesters also a few slices poppies outside with a knife in the form of a Crescent, and waited until the Milky SAP. Lymph is continuously shedder of the blade of the incision. The molten resin is left to dry in the Sun until browned, scraping, and they were stored in the bag as the raw opium to be processed or transformed into pure morphine under the supervision of an experienced chemist.
Raw opium is heated for the first time in a large barrel with water, stirring with a wooden stick until dissolved. Later added lime can force manure to the remains of other organic materials solution than opium that float on the surface of the liquid. Liquid containing opium pelanel filters with a cloth to another barrel. While the fluid is heated and is shaken, the concentrated ammonia solution gave morphine that makes that clotted and sediment at the bottom of the barrel. Once the liquid is filtered to leave a morphine precipitate White dry. In general, the relationship / comparison of opium crude morphine 10% purity. Thus, 50 kilograms of raw opium produced five kilograms of pure morphine.
Once dry, ready to be processed into morphine or heroin diasetilmorfin. Required four levels of the chemical process for extracting morphine into heroin No. 4, which is the purest form of heroin (heroin illegally high levels). Heroin although derived from morphine but has properties that are soluble in fat, so the heroin is very fast through the blood-brain barrier (100 times morphine).
Heroin in the market.
So far the public don't get heroin No. 4 in the market or level to the retail. This level of heroin (distributors) distributors are given Adder substance for more, as well as the benefits. Adder material or mixer can be quinine, sugar, milk, flour, milk powder and powders to the face. This subwoofer substances may cause danger if they are used, such as powders for the face that can not be dissolved when injected into the blood circulation but to form small particles that can block blood flow. There have been cases of heroin overdose gross on the first night in New York City for heroin to be confused with fentanyl is synthetic opioid.
Because the heroin trade on the black market so difficult for offenders to determine the quality of the products they buy. In a competitive market for commercialization, retail traders seek profit by introducing a trade name as a legal product. For example in New York City police found the heroin that caused a fatal road-named Tango & Cash. It turned out that heroin originating from retailers in the suburbs of Manhattan. Other names such as DOA (Dead On Arrival), Body Bag or Red Rum. Baby Dust, Brown Sugar. POM in the United States declared that the level of heroin in street heroin is less than 4%.
Use Heroin.
Used intra-venous, inhaled through the nose or through the smoke. Heroin spreads throughout the body via blood circulation. If inhaled through the nose both in the form of powder or smoke heroin into the blood circulation through the pulmonary circulation. Heroin can also be injected with a syringe into a muscle, under the skin or directly into a vein. Strong influence is through intra-venous injection. In this way, the effects of heroin appear quickly, if the effects of heroin by inhaling the smoke usually appears a few minutes later and rather mild. But some still hoose smoke inhalation abuse of heroin, for fear of HIV infection transmitted through sharing needles or universal stigma attached to the needle user.
Wearing dirty needles or infected with HIV, in addition to the needles may also cause sepsis (poisoning the body of the bacteria that cause infection, hepatitis, endocarditis, skin abscesses.
Physiological Effects Heroin.
All effects that appear after the heroin was injected into the blood circulation will be very quick about 30-60 seconds. Heroin affects the central nervous system, heart and blood vessels, respiratory, digestive tract, urinary tract, the hormone system and skin.
Some effects of heroin on body functions:
- Sensation "busy" which feels warm on the body (warm rush of sensation) immediately after the heroin into the blood circulation is a reaction on the central nervous system.
- It comes with sedation so that the euphoria seen nodding off (Nod) or asleep.
- Expenses of the mind (stress) and reduced anxiety is felt immediately.
- Bead eyes (pupils) decreases to such a sharp pencil tip (pin point pupils). Diminution of pupil is a measure of the purity of heroin is used. Or the smaller the pupil arising means that the more pure grade heroin is used.
- In a less immediate and rapid breathing.
- Not too much influence on the heart and vascular system can be followed despite the decrease in blood pressure and pulse of light in a standing position (orthostatic hypotension). This happens because the blood in the lower body into the heart of late.
- There was a decrease in bowel movements pushing (peristaltic) coupled with increased muscle tension resulting in difficulty anal defecation (constipation or constipation). Often nausea and vomiting also occurred.
- Difficult urination and sometimes pain caused by increased muscle tension below the mouth of the urinary tract. So that urine does not exit smoothly (dripping).
- There was an increase with the release of the hormone system ACTH (Adreno Cortico Tropic hormones) that affect the child's renal glands. Furthermore, production of the hormone prolactin increased with decrease in luteinizing hormone (LH). Prolactin is a hormone associated with formation of breast milk (lactation) while the LH effect on the function of eggs in women and sperm production in men. Therefore, sperm formation is reduced while in the female menstrual cycle disruptions.
- On going itchy skin, sweating, redness and warmth. Many trespasser assumes the appearance of the purity of heroin with sweat and itching. Yet mixing substances such as quinine can also cause itching.
All the above effects occur quickly that give pleasure and satisfaction. In addicts, the effects are unpleasant, such as constipation, low blood pressure, and inability to urinate is not a problem as long as they can feel the pleasures of heroin. Even the warmth and calm that are identified with such warmth back into the womb (uterus in women). There is no doubt that the euphoria that occurs, the Chief motivating factor for someone to continue to use heroin.
Heroin and the Brain
Psychoactive element in heroin is morphine, which is a substance that causes euforik effect, analgesia and sedation. Morphine was formed through the metabolism of heroin on the body. While the effect is due to the binding of morphine to its receptor are scattered in the central nervous system (brain). One of the newbies that strengthen and deepen ties theory morphine through receptors in the brain is Avram Goldstein, Solomon Snyder and Candace Pert in the United States. Furthermore, John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz in Europe to isolate specific substances from pig brain which has some similarities activities such as morphine. They call these substances as a means enkefalin in my head (in the head). Enkefalin is a short chain of amino acids are formed naturally by the body to respond to stimuli inside and outside, such as eliminating harmful stress and prevent shock. Enkefalin has similarities with the molecular form of morphine derived from heroin. Although the molecules are not peptides and morphine have different chemically. The key is that the similarity form of morphine can occupy the receptor and the body responds enkefalin pleasure, euphoria and analgesia.
Further research proved that the body produces endogenous morphine or morphine natural, known as endorphins. Endorphins play an important role in long-distance runners as a biological chemical that produces the power runner. After running about 30-40 minutes or longer runners feel the joy, the state eforik. Body to release endorphins that time to eliminate the stress and pain. But not only had a role to endorphins a runner but also released during childbirth. This is the way the body naturally in order to survive the threat of stress and pain. Stress causes the release of endorphins from the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain.
As heroin is highly addictive, as well as with endogenous morphine. It seems that every substance that can bind to opioid receptors influence addiction as a brain that influence the perception of a substance required for survival. Once a state of dependence on heroin, the brain will send signals and govern the body get more and morphine tolerance process occurs until the dosage the greater the desire to achieve euphoria. For example, every 4-6 hours just to survive the threat of broken substance syndrome (withdrawall).
Heroin Addiction can occur within a relatively short time depending on the level of purity is used, the amount of usage and individual metabolic rate. As an example of someone who injected heroin every day for 50-10 days then the next morning will feel the drop syndrome substances.
Signs and heroin withdrawal symptoms include:
- Insomnia (difficulty sleeping)
- Watery eyes (lakrimasi)
- Yawning
- Pain and muscle tension
- Chills (piloereksi)
- Abdominal cramps
- Fast breathing (hyperventilation)
- Chills
- Pupil's eyes widened (midriasis) and blurred vision.
- Painful joints
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Redness (flushing)
- Anxiety
- Hostile attitude
Withdrawal symptoms can appear within 12 hours after injecting the last dose and can be ended as long as 72-96 hours, while the peak of symptoms occurs in 36-48 hours. Light weight of heroin withdrawal symptoms depends on the level of dependency of light weight and the amount normally used. For example someone who only occasionally use heroin (recreational) can overcome the perceived heroin withdrawal symptoms like the flu with rest and feel quite able to return to work within 1-2 days.
Heroin withdrawal symptoms affect not only physical but also mental and emotional on the hopelessness that can lead to terrible conditions. Arises a sense of desperation, remorse and guilt, including a sense of confusion. Combined physical and emotional symptoms of abuse vulnerable delivers extreme acts.
After the last for the next five days are known as symptoms of prolonged withdrawal symptoms (protracted withdrawal) that can last for several months. Symptoms include low blood pressure, and widened pupils who are not excited. Trespasser feel strong suggestion repeated unless they obtain medical assistance and appropriate pharmacological therapy, psychosocial counseling and support each other.
Over Dose
Overwhelmed circumstances drinks or heroin overdose causes severe impairment of consciousness (stupor / coma) or even death. Occurs emphasis respiratory center so the breath becomes very low frequency (2-4 times / minute). As the weakening of breathing, blood pressure also started to decline. Body temperature decreased and the skin becomes cold and wet, sometimes grayish blue. Can occur seizures and respiratory failure due to the entire brain stem is filled with heroin.
To overcome this situation needs quick medical intervention that is given an injection of a narcotic like-Naltrekson neutralizing or naloxone to counteract the influence of heroin. This drug will bind with opioid receptors with morphine replace it with a triggering receptor on heroin withdrawal symptoms. If the state does not obtaining medical treatment overdose then within 20-30 minutes the patient will die.
