Society has been using fennel fruit and bark pulasari traditionally as a remedy, either separately or as a mixture that is often called 'adaspulowaras'. Possibility of mixing the ingredients may be causing changes in its pharmacological activity. Therefore felt necessary to do research on the antibacterial power of fruit and bark pulasari fennel separately or mixtures. Extraction was done by maceration method using ethanol. Test of antibacterial power diffusion and dilution method, as used microbes Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that both the ethanol extract of fennel fruit, bark or a mixture pulasari fennel fruit and bark pulasari (4: 3) showed a greater antibacterial power against Staphylococcus aureus than against Escherichia coli. Power antibacterial mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari (4: 3) lower than the ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari.
Preliminary
Indonesian people traditionally take medication until now. Various medicinal plants for both the single and potions have been exploited and development efforts done a lot. Fennel fruit (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), and bark pulasari (Alyxia Reinwadrtii BL) is a traditional medicine that is often used in the mix and is often called 'fennel pulowaras'. Fennel fruit is used to overcome a stomach ache, nausea, flatulence, vomiting, diarrhea, painful menstruation, and menstrual irregularity (Dalimartha, 1999) was pulasari bark is used for lowering fever, cough medicine, headache medicine and dysentery (Anonymous, 1983) . 'Adaspulowaras' is used widely to solve various kinds of diseases, by mixing or making potions is expected to get a more beneficial effect.
This research was conducted in order to determine pharmacological effects of mixing the ingredients in this traditional views antibacterial power of each of the ingredients or substances. From the results of this study are expected to contribute in the form of information about the antibacterial power, as measured by the value of Minimum Kill Concentration (MBC) was, from the fruit of fennel and pulasari bark or a mixture of both. This information can be used as consideration of other relevant research with traditional herbs and medicinal use of materials or mixtures of these drugs, as well as the traditional drug development strategies.
Research Methods
Materials such as fennel fruit (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), and bark pulasari (Alyxia Reinwadrtii BL) was extracted by ethanol, thus obtained ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari. Mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari obtained by mixing the extracts with a ratio of 4: 3. The tools used were Mycrobiological safety cabinet, incubator, autoclave, shaker, analytical balance, mikropipet and glass tools. Test of antimicrobial activity of three kinds of test materials that ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari and fennel mixture of ethanol extract of the fruit and bark pulasari committed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by diffusion and dilution methods. Media used nutrient agar and nutrient broth, used as positive control and negative control amoxicillin dimethylsulfoxide.
The research began with determination and collection of plant materials such as fruit and bark pulasari fennel. Extraction was done by maceration with stirring method using magnitude shaker 120 rpm for 24 hours. Antibacterial activity of extracts was tested by diffusion method. From the test results with the diffusion method was continued to the dilution test to determine the value of his teaching.
Results and Discussion
Extraction of fennel fruit and bark pulasari done based on composition and literature mentions the use of such materials in the prescription of traditional medicine is 3 teaspoons fennel fruit and bark of 10 cm pulasari (Anonymous, 2004). Weighings carried out on the pressed powder 3 teaspoons fennel fruit and bark of 10 cm pulasari each weighing 10.459 grams and 4.805 grams. The result of both the extraction yield of ethanol extract of fennel fruit as much as 0.411 grams (yield 3.9%) and ethanol extract of stem bark pulasari much as 0.308 grams (yield 6.4%). It has been reported that the fruits of anise contain 2-6% volatile oil, saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols (Syamsuhidayat and Hutapea, 1981) and coumarin (Anonymous, 2004), was pulasari bark contains coumarins, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oil and polyphenols (Syamsuhidayat and Hutapea, 1981). In principle is an essence extraction components in the material extracted with certain solvents. The type and amount that may be taken depending on the nature of the most important component. The yield difference may be caused by differences in the composition and content of fennel fruit compiler pulasari bark resulting in differences in solubility in ethanol. Components contained in the bark pulasari contain more soluble compounds that can be compared to existing ethanol in the fruit of anise. Extraction of both the material shows that the ratio of the amount of extract obtained for the fruit and bark pulasari fennel is 4: 3. This comparison is referred to test the activity of a mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari
Test of antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of fennel fruits are shown in table I. Antimicrobial activity test three types of materials has shown that the activity against Staphylococcus aureus was higher than that of Escherichia coli. Decrease in the activity of the mixture is relatively higher in comparison test against Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli, this is probably due to the difference in conditions where the entry of such materials are different. To be able to kill microorganisms, test materials must enter the cell through the cell wall. Both types of microorganisms such tests have different cell wall composition. Cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus which is a group of Gram-positive bacteria have peptidoglycan structure with many relatively small and medium lipids in Escherichia coli containing relatively more lipid (Hugo & Russell, 1998). Ethanol is a relatively polar so that the most important compounds are relatively polar. Polarization which causes these compounds more easily penetrate the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall so it looks like the value of the three types of test samples MBC showed lower numbers in the test against Staphylococcus aureus.
Antimicrobial activity test of ethanol extract of fennel fruit, bark ethanol extract pulasari and other substances.
Mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari (4: 3) showed higher MBC values than single ingredients, unless the value KBM pulasari bark ethanol extract of Escherichia coli. This shows that in general the mixing of the two materials has lowered its antimicrobial power. This happened probably due to the occurrence of antagonism of the compounds contained in the two materials are mixed. From the literature data about the chemical content of these two materials shows that there are many classes of compounds that are owned in common, differences in flavonoid content in fruit and fennel are pulasari bark contains tannin compound classes. Have not found data about the structure of each compound. Antagonism can occur between classes of compounds or even if the two compounds together faction though.
Traditional medicine is the ingredient or ingredients in the form of plant material, animal material, mineral materials, supplies galenik or mixtures of these materials which were hereditary been used for treatment based on experience (Anonymous, 1992). Fennel fruit and bark is an ingredient pulosari which is still used in traditional medicinal herbs, either individually or a mixture of both. Mixed fruit and bark pulosari fennel is often referred to as "anise pulowaras" is a traditional medicine that are empirically proven to be used in the treatment of several diseases such as cough, fever, headache and dysentery. Both materials are normally used together with other ingredients such as ingredients in traditional medicines sutau mentioned compositions: 3 teaspoons anise fruit, leather goods 10 cm and 3 pulasari kluthuk guava leaf sprout. From this study is not advisable to use as an antibacterial mixture pulowaras fennel, fennel pulowaras use in traditional medicinal herbs is probably not intended as an antibacterial but rather on the additional materials with the aim of giving a delicious taste and smell.
Conclusions and Suggestions
From these results we can conclude that following this.
1. Antimicrobial power of ethanol extract of fennel fruit, bark and a mixture of both pulasari against Staphylococcus aureus was higher than that of Escherichia coli.
2. Antimicrobial power against Escherichia coli from a mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari with bark ethanol extract pulasari and lower than the ethanol extract of fennel fruit.
3. Antimicrobial power against Staphylococcus aureus, a mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari lower than the ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari.
4. Generally, a mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari have antibacterial power against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which are lower than the ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari.
Preliminary
Indonesian people traditionally take medication until now. Various medicinal plants for both the single and potions have been exploited and development efforts done a lot. Fennel fruit (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), and bark pulasari (Alyxia Reinwadrtii BL) is a traditional medicine that is often used in the mix and is often called 'fennel pulowaras'. Fennel fruit is used to overcome a stomach ache, nausea, flatulence, vomiting, diarrhea, painful menstruation, and menstrual irregularity (Dalimartha, 1999) was pulasari bark is used for lowering fever, cough medicine, headache medicine and dysentery (Anonymous, 1983) . 'Adaspulowaras' is used widely to solve various kinds of diseases, by mixing or making potions is expected to get a more beneficial effect.
This research was conducted in order to determine pharmacological effects of mixing the ingredients in this traditional views antibacterial power of each of the ingredients or substances. From the results of this study are expected to contribute in the form of information about the antibacterial power, as measured by the value of Minimum Kill Concentration (MBC) was, from the fruit of fennel and pulasari bark or a mixture of both. This information can be used as consideration of other relevant research with traditional herbs and medicinal use of materials or mixtures of these drugs, as well as the traditional drug development strategies.
Research Methods
Materials such as fennel fruit (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), and bark pulasari (Alyxia Reinwadrtii BL) was extracted by ethanol, thus obtained ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari. Mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari obtained by mixing the extracts with a ratio of 4: 3. The tools used were Mycrobiological safety cabinet, incubator, autoclave, shaker, analytical balance, mikropipet and glass tools. Test of antimicrobial activity of three kinds of test materials that ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari and fennel mixture of ethanol extract of the fruit and bark pulasari committed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by diffusion and dilution methods. Media used nutrient agar and nutrient broth, used as positive control and negative control amoxicillin dimethylsulfoxide.
The research began with determination and collection of plant materials such as fruit and bark pulasari fennel. Extraction was done by maceration with stirring method using magnitude shaker 120 rpm for 24 hours. Antibacterial activity of extracts was tested by diffusion method. From the test results with the diffusion method was continued to the dilution test to determine the value of his teaching.
Results and Discussion
Extraction of fennel fruit and bark pulasari done based on composition and literature mentions the use of such materials in the prescription of traditional medicine is 3 teaspoons fennel fruit and bark of 10 cm pulasari (Anonymous, 2004). Weighings carried out on the pressed powder 3 teaspoons fennel fruit and bark of 10 cm pulasari each weighing 10.459 grams and 4.805 grams. The result of both the extraction yield of ethanol extract of fennel fruit as much as 0.411 grams (yield 3.9%) and ethanol extract of stem bark pulasari much as 0.308 grams (yield 6.4%). It has been reported that the fruits of anise contain 2-6% volatile oil, saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols (Syamsuhidayat and Hutapea, 1981) and coumarin (Anonymous, 2004), was pulasari bark contains coumarins, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oil and polyphenols (Syamsuhidayat and Hutapea, 1981). In principle is an essence extraction components in the material extracted with certain solvents. The type and amount that may be taken depending on the nature of the most important component. The yield difference may be caused by differences in the composition and content of fennel fruit compiler pulasari bark resulting in differences in solubility in ethanol. Components contained in the bark pulasari contain more soluble compounds that can be compared to existing ethanol in the fruit of anise. Extraction of both the material shows that the ratio of the amount of extract obtained for the fruit and bark pulasari fennel is 4: 3. This comparison is referred to test the activity of a mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari
Test of antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of fennel fruits are shown in table I. Antimicrobial activity test three types of materials has shown that the activity against Staphylococcus aureus was higher than that of Escherichia coli. Decrease in the activity of the mixture is relatively higher in comparison test against Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli, this is probably due to the difference in conditions where the entry of such materials are different. To be able to kill microorganisms, test materials must enter the cell through the cell wall. Both types of microorganisms such tests have different cell wall composition. Cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus which is a group of Gram-positive bacteria have peptidoglycan structure with many relatively small and medium lipids in Escherichia coli containing relatively more lipid (Hugo & Russell, 1998). Ethanol is a relatively polar so that the most important compounds are relatively polar. Polarization which causes these compounds more easily penetrate the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall so it looks like the value of the three types of test samples MBC showed lower numbers in the test against Staphylococcus aureus.
Antimicrobial activity test of ethanol extract of fennel fruit, bark ethanol extract pulasari and other substances.
| Material test | MBC value against | |
| Escherichia coli | Staphylococcus aureus | |
| Ethanol extract of fennel fruit | 7 % | 4 % |
| Ethanol extract of stem bark pulasari | 8 % | 1 % |
| The ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari (4 : 3) | 8 % | 7 % |
Mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari (4: 3) showed higher MBC values than single ingredients, unless the value KBM pulasari bark ethanol extract of Escherichia coli. This shows that in general the mixing of the two materials has lowered its antimicrobial power. This happened probably due to the occurrence of antagonism of the compounds contained in the two materials are mixed. From the literature data about the chemical content of these two materials shows that there are many classes of compounds that are owned in common, differences in flavonoid content in fruit and fennel are pulasari bark contains tannin compound classes. Have not found data about the structure of each compound. Antagonism can occur between classes of compounds or even if the two compounds together faction though.
Traditional medicine is the ingredient or ingredients in the form of plant material, animal material, mineral materials, supplies galenik or mixtures of these materials which were hereditary been used for treatment based on experience (Anonymous, 1992). Fennel fruit and bark is an ingredient pulosari which is still used in traditional medicinal herbs, either individually or a mixture of both. Mixed fruit and bark pulosari fennel is often referred to as "anise pulowaras" is a traditional medicine that are empirically proven to be used in the treatment of several diseases such as cough, fever, headache and dysentery. Both materials are normally used together with other ingredients such as ingredients in traditional medicines sutau mentioned compositions: 3 teaspoons anise fruit, leather goods 10 cm and 3 pulasari kluthuk guava leaf sprout. From this study is not advisable to use as an antibacterial mixture pulowaras fennel, fennel pulowaras use in traditional medicinal herbs is probably not intended as an antibacterial but rather on the additional materials with the aim of giving a delicious taste and smell.
Conclusions and Suggestions
From these results we can conclude that following this.
1. Antimicrobial power of ethanol extract of fennel fruit, bark and a mixture of both pulasari against Staphylococcus aureus was higher than that of Escherichia coli.
2. Antimicrobial power against Escherichia coli from a mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari with bark ethanol extract pulasari and lower than the ethanol extract of fennel fruit.
3. Antimicrobial power against Staphylococcus aureus, a mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari lower than the ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari.
4. Generally, a mixture of ethanol extract of fennel fruit and bark pulasari have antibacterial power against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which are lower than the ethanol extract of fennel fruits and stem bark ethanol extract pulasari.
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